SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL GEOMETRY & CUTTING SPEED

SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL

A  SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL CONSIST FLANK , FACE , CUTTING EDGE , NOSE , RACK ANGLE , CLEARANCE ANGLE , Etc.  ALL OF THESE PARTS CONTROL THE CUTTING CONDITION , TOOL LIFE AND CUTTING SPEED OF TOOL.

GEOMETRY AND TOOL ANGLES OF SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL

GEOMETRY :

1. SHANK : THE MAIN BODY OF THE TOOL IS KNOWN AS SHANK . IT IS THE BACKWARD PART OF TOOL WHICH IS HOLD BY TOOL POST.

2. FACE : THE TOP SURFACE OF TOOL ON WHICH CHIPS PASSES AFTER CUTTING IS KNOWN AS FACE . IT IS THE HORIZONTAL SURFACE ADJACENT OF CUTTING EDGES.

3. FLANK : SOMETIME FLANK IS ALSO KNOWN AS CUTTING FACE. IT IS THE VERTICAL SURFACE ADJACENT TO CUTTING EDGE . ACCORDING TO CUTTING EDGE , THERE ARE TWO FLANK , SIDE FLANK AND END FLANK.

4. NOSE OR CUTTING POINT :  THE POINT WHERE BOTH CUTTING EDGE MEETS KNOWN AS CUTTING POINT OR NOSE . IT IS FRONT OF THE TOOL.

5. BASE : THE BOTTOM SURFACE OF TOOL IS KNOWN AS BASE . IT IS JUST OPPOSITE SURFACE OF FACE.

6. HEEL : IT IS A INTERSECTING LINE OF FACE AND BASE.

ANGLES :

1. END CUTTING EDGE ANGLE : THE ANGLE BETWEEN END CUTTING EDGE OR FLANK TO THE PLANE PERPENDICULAR TO THE SIDE OF SHANK IS KNOWN AS END CUTTING ANGLE.

2. SIDE CUTTING EDGE ANGLE :  THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE SIDE CUTTING EDGE OR FLANK TO THE PLANE PARALLEL TO THE SIDE OF THE SHANK KNOWN AS SIDE CUTTING EDGE ANGLE .

3. BACK RAKE ANGLE : THE ANGLE FROM TO SMOOTH FLOWING OF CHIPS FROM FACE , KNOWN AS RACK ANGLE . IT ALLOWS TO SMOOTH FLOW OF CHIPS . BACK RACK ANGLE IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN FACE AND THE PLANE PERPENDICULAR TO THE END CUTTING EDGE. 

4. SIDE RACK ANGLE : THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE FACE AND PLANE PERPENDICULAR  TO THE SIDE CUTTING EDGE IS KNOWN AS SIDE RACK ANGLE . IT ALLOWS CHIPS TO FLOW SMOOTHLY WHEN MATERIAL CUT BY SIDE CUTTING  EDGE.

 5. END RELIEF ANGLE : IT IS THE ANGLE MADE BY THE SIDE FLANK TO THE PLANE PERPENDICULAR TO THE BASE . IT AVOID RUBBING OF SIDE FLANK WITH WORKPIECE  .

6. SIDE RELIEF ANGLE :  IT IS THE ANGLE MADE BY THE SIDE FLANK TO THE PLANE PERPENDICULAR TO THE BASE . IT AVOID RUBBING OF SIDE FLANK WITH WORK.

7. NOSE RADIUS : THE INTERSECTING AREA OF BOTH CUTTING EDGE IS KNOWN AS NOSE OF THE TOOL . IT DOES NOT HAVE A SHARP PROFILE . SHARP PROFILE MAY CAUSE SCRATCHES ON WORKPIECE WHICH GIVES POOR SURFACE FINISH . THIS AREA IS AT SOME RADIUS KNOWN AS NOSE RADIUS . 

CUTTING SPEED

THE SPEED AT WHICH THE CUTTING EDGE OF  THE TOOL PASSES THE JOB IN ONE MINUTE IS CALLED CUTTING SPEED . IT IS DENOTE BY C.S.  . IT UNIT IS METER / MINUTE ( M/MIN ) . IT DEPENDS UPON THE TYPE OF  MATERIAL , TOOL MATERIAL , MATERIAL OF RIGIDITY .

WHERE ,   D=DIAMETER OF JOB ( IN LATHE )                            

D=DIAMETER OF CUTTER ( MILLING )

N=REVOLUTION PER MINUTE ( RPM)   

FEEDRATE

THE LINEAR ADVANCEMENT OF TOOL IN ONE COMPLETE REVOLUTION OF THE JOB  IN A UNIT TIME IS CALLED FEEDRATE .

DEPTH OF CUT 

IT IS THE PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE UNFINISHED AND FINISHED SURFACE IN ONE PASS.